Scientific evidence is accumulating that many of these herbs and spices do have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. A growing body of research has demonstrated that the commonly used herbs and spices such as garlic, black cumin, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, allspices, bay leaves, mustard, and rosemary, possess antimicrobial properties that, in some cases, can be used Cited by: Antimicrobial activity of several herb and spice extracts in culture medium and in vacuum-packaged pork J Food Prot. Mar;70(3) doi: /xCited by: 82 Nevertheless, it seems that the antimicrobial effects of spices are determined by the integrity, mass, and target of the spice. The overall temperature is also believed to play a role in the spice’s effectiveness, as at different temperatures spices seem to show changes in antimicrobial activities2. These properties vary among different spices
Some Common Spices and Plants with Antimicrobial and Therapeutic Properties
Some Common Spices and Plants with Antimicrobial and Therapeutic Properties. This is a synopsis of unrefereed information gleaned from various web resources. Its purpose is to give you an idea of the beliefs and claims made about these substances which have been used since ancient times by many human cultures and civilizations in the ways indicated. Although much of this information may be true, there is no guarantee of that. Some of this information may not be true and there may be unrecognized hazards associated with the use of some of these substances.
So, accept this information with caution and always discuss any medical condition or alternative therapy with your physician. Scientific Name s : Eugenia caryophyllata. Common Name s : Clovecaryophyllus. Uses of Clove. Clove has been used for its antiseptic and analgesic effects and has been studied for use as an anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects.
However, research reveals little or no clinical data on the use of clove for any indication. The clove plant grows in warm climates and is cultivated commercially in Tanzania, Sumatra, the Maluku Molucca Islands, and South America. The tall evergreen plant grows up to 20 m and has leathery leaves.
The clove spice is the dried flower bud. Essential oils are obtained from the buds, stems, and leaves. The buds or cloves are strongly aromatic. Clove has a long history of culinary and medicinal use. The oil was used as an expectorant and antiemetic with inconsistent clinical results.
Clove tea was used to relieve nausea. Use of the oil in dentistry as an analgesic and local antiseptic doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial today. It also has been used topically as a counterirritant. The bud also contains a tannin complex, a gum and resin, and a number of glucosides of sterols. Other constituents include flavonoids, carbohydrates, lipids, oleanolic acid, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, rhamnetin, and vitamins.
Clove oil is applied for the symptomatic treatment of toothaches and is used for the treatment of dry socket postextraction alveolitis. Clove oil is reported to have antihistaminic and antispasmotic properties, most likely due to the presence of eugenyl acetate.
Cloves are also said to have a positive effect on healing stomach ulcers. As with many other volatile oils, clove oil inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Clove oil also has anthelminthic properties. Scientific Name s : Cinnamomum verumdoctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, C. cassiaC. zeylanicumC. Common Name s : Cinnamon, cinnamomon, ceylon cinnamon, Chinese cinnamon, Chinese cassia, Saigon cinnamon.
Uses of Cinnamon. Cinnamon is used as a spice and an aromatic. The bark or oil has been used to combat microorganisms, diarrhea and other GI disorders, and dysmenorrhea. Research interest has focused on cinnamon's potential as an insulin-like analog, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant, and an antimicrobial substance. Cinnamon spice is derived from the brown bark of the tree by grinding the bark into a fine powder.
The plant is native to Sri Lanka, southeastern India, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, Indonesia, South America, and the West Indies.
Differing material origins and extraction techniques are reported to alter the chemical composition of the extracts, and hence may impact the intended medicinal and experimental effects. Antimicrobial activity. Conflicting evidence exists for the action of cinnamon on Helicobacter pylori. Cinnamon extracts have been shown to exert in vitro activity against some common human pathogens and fungicidal activity against plant pathogens. In vitro inhibition of bacterial endotoxin has been demonstrated by an unidentified component in cinnamon bark.
The essential oils of cinnamon were shown to halt mycelial growth doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus at a concentration of only 0.
Scientific Name s : Myristica fragrans. Common Name s : Nutmeg, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, mace, magic, muscdier, nux moschata, myristica oil, muskatbaum. Uses of Nutmeg. Nutmeg and mace, widely accepted as flavoring agents, are used in higher doses for their aphrodisiac and psychoactive properties.
Mace and nutmeg are 2 slightly different flavored spices, both originating from the fruit of the nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans. This slow-growing evergreen grows to more than 20 m and is cultivated in India, Ceylon, Malaysia, and Granada. The fruit, which is called a drupe or a nutmeg apple, is similar doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial appearance to a peach or an apricot.
When the mature fruit splits open, the nutmeg stony endocarp or seed surrounded by a red, slightly fleshy network or aril is exposed. The dried aril alone is called mace. The nut is removed and dried to produce nutmeg. Nutmeg is a widely used food spice that has received attention as an alternative hallucinogen. Nutmeg and mace doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial been used in Indian cooking and folk medicine.
The folk uses of nutmeg have included the treatment of gastric disorders and rheumatism, and it has been used as a hypnotic and an aphrodisiac.
During the 6th century AD, nutmeg and mace were imported by Arab traders. By the 12th century, these spices were well known in Europe. At the turn of the 19th century, interest developed in the use of nutmeg as an abortifacient and a stimulant for menses.
These properties have been largely discounted but remain a persistent cause of nutmeg intoxication in women. This oil contains myristic acid, trymiristin, and glycerides of lauric, tridecanoic, stearic, and palmitic acids.
The essential oil contains myristicin, elemicin, eugenol, and safrole. The essential oils of nutmeg and mace are very similar in chemical composition and aroma, with wide color differences brilliant orange to pale yellow.
Mace oil appears to have a higher myristicin content than nutmeg oil. Also present in the oil are sabinene, cymene alpha-thujene, gamma-terpinene, and monoterpene alcohols in smaller amounts.
Phenolic compounds found in nutmeg are reported to have antioxidant properties. Other isolated compounds include the resorcinols malabaricone B and malabaricone C, as well as lignans and neolignans. Antimicrobial effects.
The oils of mace and nutmeg and their individual components have been assessed for their antimicrobial activity in vitro. Activity has been shown against some oral microorganisms, including S. mutansPorphyromonas gingivalisand others, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial. Activity against other bacteria includes some strains of Escherichia colisome strains of Salmonella typhiBacillus subtilisStaphylococcus aureusand Listeria monocytogenes, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial.
Anti-viral effect has also been reported against human rotavirus. Reports of activity against fungi is conflicting, with no activity against Aspergillus but activity against some dermatophytes has been found. The spices cloves, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, cinnamon, bay leaves contain eugenol, a clear to pale yellow oily liquid with a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor, that can be extracted from the essential oils from these plants.
Eugenol is used in perfumeries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. Combining zinc oxide and eugenol forms zinc oxide eugenol which can be used as a filling or cement material used in dentistry.
It is classified as an intermediate restorative doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial and has anaesthetic and antibacterial properties. It is sometimes used in the management of dental caries as a "temporary filling". Scientific Name s : Origanum vulgare. Common Name s : Mediterranean oregano, mountain mint, wild marjoram, winter marjoram, wintersweet. Uses of Oregano. Aside from its culinary application, oregano exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant actions and has possible activity as an antispasmodic and in diabetes.
However, there is no clinical evidence to support the use of oregano in any indication. Common or wild oregano is a perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region and Asia and cultivated in the United States. Its creeping rootstock produces a square, downy, purplish stem with opposite ovate leaves. Stems can grow up to 76 cm tall and are dotted with small depressions.
Purple, 2-lipped flowers grow in terminal clusters from July to October. Oregano has been a common ingredient in Spanish, Mexican, and Italian dishes as a spice and flavoring agent for hundreds of years. Its initial purpose was as a warming digestive and circulatory stimulant.
It has been used in perfumery for its volatile oil contents, especially in scenting soaps. The antiseptic qualities of aromatic and medicinal plants and their extracts have been recognized since antiquity. It has been suggested that an infusion of the fresh herb is beneficial in treating an upset stomach and indigestion, headache, colic, and nervous complaints, as well as for coughs and other respiratory ailments.
An infusion of the flowers has been used to prevent seasickness. The oil has been used externally in liniments and lotions and to ease toothache. It has also been used as an ant repellent. Oregano contains oleanolic and ursolic acids, flavonoids and hydroquinones, caffeic, rosemarinic, and lithospermic acid, tannins, doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial, and phenolic glycosides.
The polar phenols thymol and carvacrol are responsible for many of the properties of doctoral dissertation herb spice as antimicrobial essential oil, as well as p-cymene and terpinene.
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Nevertheless, it seems that the antimicrobial effects of spices are determined by the integrity, mass, and target of the spice. The overall temperature is also believed to play a role in the spice’s effectiveness, as at different temperatures spices seem to show changes in antimicrobial activities2. These properties vary among different spices Many spices-such as clove, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, and cumin-possessed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against food spoilage bacteria like Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, harmful fungi like Aspergillus flavus, even antibiotic resistant microorganisms such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, spices have a great potential to be developed as new and safe antimicrobial Cited by: It is Doctoral Dissertation Herb Spice As Antimicrobiala well-known fact that students Doctoral Dissertation Herb Spice As Antimicrobialare overwhelmed with unbearable amount of difficultcollege tasks with unreasonable deadlines. It concerns high school all the way to postgraduate education/10()
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